The application of Monte Carlo methods for reactor pressure vessel (RPV) neutron fluence calculations is examined. As many commercial nuclear light water reactors approach the end of their design lifetime, it is of great consequence that reactor operators and regulators be able to characterize the structural integrity of the RPV accurately for financial reasons, as well as safety reasons, due to the possibility of plant life extensions. The Monte Carlo method, which offers explicit three-dimensional geometric representation and continuous energy and angular simulation, is well suited for this task. A model of the Three Mile Island unit 1 reactor is presented for determination of RPV fluence; Monte Carlo (MCNP) and deterministic (DORT) results are compared for this application; and numerous issues related to performing these calculations are examined. Synthesized three-dimensional deterministic models are observed to produce results that are comparable to those of Monte Carlo methods, provided the two methods utilize the same cross-section libraries. Continuous energy Monte Carlo methods are shown to predict more (15 to 20%) high-energy neutrons in the RPV than deterministic methods.