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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
O. J. Wallace
Nuclear Technology | Volume 113 | Number 1 | January 1996 | Pages 112-122
Technical Note | Radiation Protection | doi.org/10.13182/NT96-A35204
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Trapezoidal rule and Gauss-Legendre quadratures are representative of the numeric techniques used in integrating over radiation source regions in point-kernel shielding programs. The orders of quadrature selected for such integrations are important since a sparse quadrature may calculate inaccurate results while unnecessarily large orders of quadrature waste computer time. Rules are given for choosing trapezoidal and Gauss quadrature orders for linear, radial, and azimuthal intervals of integration, based on problem geometry and source attenuation. These rules show that for like accuracy, a trapezoidal rule quadrature of order N may be replaced by a Gauss quadrature with order between the square root of N and N/2. Replacing trapezoidal-scale quadratures by lesser order Gauss quadratures can save large amounts of computer time. Gauss quadratures, on the other hand, ideally should be set up individually for detector points in different locations.