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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Tzou-Shin Ueng, William J. O’Connell
Nuclear Technology | Volume 108 | Number 1 | October 1994 | Pages 80-89
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT94-A35044
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For a nuclear waste package emplacement in a potential repository in partially saturated rock, a rock rubble or backfill zone may act more as a barrier than as a pathway for diffusive release of radionuclides. We approximate the diffusive transport process using one-dimensional, one-and two-barrier geometries. The one-barrier model suffices when the effective diffusion coefficient in the first zone, the rubble, is substantially lower than that in the second zone, the host rock. For more generality, such as two zones of comparable diffusivities, or for an additional barrier zone, we model two barrier zones both of finite extent. We present solutions for three types of radionuclide mobilization at the source: a pulse transient input, a steady input rate, and a constant concentration. The algebraic series form of the solutions aids analysis of sensitivity of breakthrough times and peak release rates. For the one-zone case, dimensionless parameters allow plotting of the family of transient solutions on a single graph. Comparisons between results of one- and two-zone models and with published results for different geometries and solution methods support verification of the solutions in this study.