ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Jan 2026
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
February 2026
Nuclear Technology
January 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
November 2025
Latest News
Jeff Place on INPO’s strategy for industry growth
As executive vice president for industry strategy at the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, Jeff Place leads INPO’s industry-facing work, engaging directly with chief nuclear officers.
E. Teuchert, K. A. Haas, H. J. Rütten, Yuliang Sun
Nuclear Technology | Volume 102 | Number 2 | May 1993 | Pages 192-195
Technical Paper | Nuclear Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT93-A34816
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In high-temperature reactors (HTRs), ingress of water introduces positive reactivity. Normally, this is controlled by the reactor itself, but in hypothetical situations, there could be a need for an active support by the control system. Calculational research identifies three reasons for the reactivity change caused by the water: (a) a negative contribution by the absorption of the hydrogen, (b) a positive contribution by the softening of the neutron energy spectrum, and (c) a reduction of the neutron leakage losses due to a shift in the neutron flux local distribution. By increasing the carbon/heavy metal ratio, the reactivity effect can be reduced to almost zero or even to negative values. In the modular pebble-bed HTR, this effect can be accomplished in a simple manner. By adding 25% of graphite spheres to the regular batches of feed fuel elements, the neutron spectrum effect is reduced, and the fractional absorption of hydrogen is increased; thus, the maximum excess reactivity is limited to 0.3%. The effect on economy and safety is negligible.