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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Nobuyuki Nonaka, Ikken Sato
Nuclear Technology | Volume 98 | Number 1 | April 1992 | Pages 54-69
Technical Paper | Fast Reactor Safety / Nuclear Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT92-A34650
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An improved method to evaluate key phenomena in the initiating-phase energetics of unprotected lossof-flow (ULOF) whole-core accidents in liquid-metal fast breeder reactors is presented. Three phenomena, namely, axial fuel expansion, fuel failure, and postfailure fuel motion, have been examined through the CABRI-1 in-pile experiments and analyses with special emphasis on the self-limiting mechanisms of the energetics potential. For the experiment analyses, the SAS3D, PAPAS-2S, and SAS4A computer codes are employed selectively to obtain a detailed investigation of the phenomena and to validate physical models. The improved knowledge obtained through the research efforts in CABRI-1 and relevant safety experiments has been implemented in the revised SAS3D code. This evaluation method, which accounts for the self-limiting mechanisms, has been applied to a reactor analysis of an energetic ULOF sequence. The results of the application study confirm the importance and effectiveness of the method.