The National Science Foundation sponsored a workshop to develop input for academic research programs that could form the basis of the next generation of nuclear power technology. New developments in computers, artificial intelligence, and management of complex undertakings suggest that research could assist in improving design, safety, reliability, and economics of existing and future nuclear power plants. Workshop participants identified a set of potential program elements, including an integrated design with full system and life-cycle analytical models, computer-updated configuration control, advanced human/machine interfacing with artificial intelligence, innovative design concepts, and new approaches to risk assessment and demonstration of safety.