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Conference Spotlight
2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
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A webinar, and a new opportunity to take ANS’s CNP Exam
Applications are now open for the fall 2025 testing period for the American Nuclear Society’s Certified Nuclear Professional (CNP) exam. Applications are being accepted through October 14, and only three testing sessions are offered per year, so it is important to apply soon. The test will be administered from November 12 through December 16. To check eligibility and schedule your exam, click here.
In addition, taking place tomorrow (September 19) from 12:00 noon to 1:00 p.m. (CDT), ANS will host a new webinar, “How to Become a Certified Nuclear Professional.” More information is available below in this article.
Mukesh Tayal, Lorne D. Macdonald, Erl Kohn, Walter P. Dovigo
Nuclear Technology | Volume 85 | Number 3 | June 1989 | Pages 300-313
Technical Paper | Nuclear Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT89-A34252
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The GASOUT computer code calculates fission gas release, activity release, and fission product swelling in a Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) fuel element during transient (nonequilibrium) conditions such as load following, postulated accidents involving high temperatures, and temporary postdryout operation of fuel. The phenomena modeled in the code include production of isotopes; diffusion; grain growth, both equiaxed and columnar; sweeping by grain boundaries; growth of grain-boundary bubbles; interlinkage of bubbles; grain-face separation; release by melting; radioactive decay; and effect of precursors. These phenomena are described in the code by rate equations, which are integrated numerically within the code. Therefore, the model is dynamic and provides results during short-term transients (few seconds to few days) as well as at the end of long irradiations (few years). This one-dimensional code was developed for accident conditions that lead to high fuel temperature, but it is also applicable to normal operating conditions. The activity calculations account for contributions from both volatile and nonvolatile fission products. They also account for radioactive decay during all the above processes and for the effect of precursors. The predictions of GASOUT were found to be in reasonable agreement with the steady-state predictions (for stable gas) of the NOTPAT code on which it is based. Furthermore, agreement was also reasonable to exact solutions from the Booth diffusion model, to data from the CONTACT-1 series of experiments and from the direct electric heating experiments, and to American Nuclear Society Standard 5.4.