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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
M. D. Mathew, S. latha, G. Sasikala, S. L. Mannan, P. Rodriguez
Nuclear Technology | Volume 81 | Number 1 | April 1988 | Pages 114-121
Technical Paper | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT88-A34083
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The creep properties of three heats of nuclear-grade Type 316 stainless steel have been studied at temperatures of 823, 873, and 923 K. Creep tests have been carried out over a wide range of stresses that produced rupture times varying from a few days to ∼10yr. Log-log plots of stress versus rupture life were linear at 823 K, while a rapid decrease in stress to rupture was observed at longer lives at 923 K. A power law relationship indicative of dislocation creep was found between steady-state creep rate and applied stress. The variation of rupture ductility with rupture life at 823 K exhibited a minimum. At other temperatures, a peak in ductility was observed. Pronounced heat-to-heat variations have been observed in the creep-rupture properties at all the test conditions. The variations have been attributed to differences in the chemical composition and in the grain size of the material. A comparison of the results with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers design criteria for time-dependent deformation is also presented.