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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Nicolay Ivanov Kolev
Nuclear Technology | Volume 78 | Number 2 | August 1987 | Pages 95-131
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT87-A33990
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
IVA 2/001 is a computer code for simulating transient, three-dimensional, three-phase, three-component nonhomogeneous (three velocity fields), nonequilibrium flow in a cylindrical porous body (including nuclear reactor cores if desired). Each velocity field consists of an inert and a noninert component. A separated equation of field mass, inert mass concentration in each of the fields, and entropy of the fields together with mixture momentum equations for the flow are solved by a semi-implicit numerical method with an analytical reduction to the pressure or pressure velocity problem and backward substitution. The flexibility of the method in describing three velocity fields of arbitrary direction is demonstrated. The solution procedure of the hydrodynamic problem is described. Finally, a numerical example and a comparison with experimental data demonstrate that the IVA2 method is a powerful tool for numerical multiphase flow simulation.