ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Mar 2026
Jan 2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
April 2026
Nuclear Technology
February 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Alois Bleier, Karl Heinz Neeb, Eike Gelfort, Joachim Mischke
Nuclear Technology | Volume 74 | Number 2 | August 1986 | Pages 152-163
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT86-A33800
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Tritium inventories and tritium distribution have been determined in boron glass absorber rods discharged from a pressurized water reactor first-cycle core and in spent boron carbide (B4C) control rods from a boiling water reactor. The total tritium inventory in the boron glass absorber rods from the Stade nuclear reactor amounts to ∼8.0×1010 Bq (2.2 Ci) per rod. Of this, 99.6% was fixed in the boron glass itself and 0.4% in the Al2O3 pellets. The 4×10−3% fractions in the tube cladding and support pipe and the 1×10−1% fraction in the fill gas accounted for an insignificant part of the total tritium inventory of the rod. This experimentally determined tritium inventory was a factor of 5 larger than that suggested by the calculated estimate. The discrepancy between analyzed and calculated values can be explained by tritium formation from lithium impurities in the boron glass, where a 30-ppm lithium content would be adequate for this tritium inventory to be generated by the reaction 6Li(n, α)3H. Evaluation of the B4C control rods from the Lin-gen nuclear reactor after 3 yr of operation gave a 3.2×1010 Bq (0.85-Ci) tritium inventory per B4C rod, while the total tritium inventory for a control rod assembly containing 60 B4C rods was ∼1.9×1012 Bq (50 Ci). The tritium generated was essentially bound 100% in the B4C, since the hulls contained only 6×10−3% and the fill gas only 2×10−4%.