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The Radiation Protection and Shielding Division is developing and promoting radiation protection and shielding aspects of nuclear science and technology — including interaction of nuclear radiation with materials and biological systems, instruments and techniques for the measurement of nuclear radiation fields, and radiation shield design and evaluation.
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2025 ANS Annual Conference
June 15–18, 2025
Chicago, IL|Chicago Marriott Downtown
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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
Leo A. Lawrence
Nuclear Technology | Volume 64 | Number 2 | February 1984 | Pages 139-153
Technical Paper | Nuclear Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT84-A33337
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The character and extent of fuel/cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) have been established for mixed uranium-plutonium oxide, (U,Pu)O2, fuels irradiated in Experimental Breeder Reactor-II to peak fuel burnups to 14.5 at.% at beginning-of-life peak cladding temperatures to 730°C. The changes in character and the correlation of depth of FCCI were determined as functions of the initial as-fabricated fuel oxygen-to-metal ratios (O/M), the cladding inner surface temperature, and fuel burnup. The character of the interaction and its evolution with burnup and temperatures were consistent with oxidation of the chromium in the stainless steel cladding under the influence of fission products. A statistically based design wastage correlation was developed for depth of interaction based on the largest set of fuel pin data for FCCI in the U.S. program drawn from well-characterized and carefully controlled tests. The resultant correlation, linear in burnup, O/M, and cladding temperature, includes a factor for the level of confidence to use in application of the equation in design. The correlation accounted for the few instances, i.e., 3%, that were encountered of deep localized cladding interaction. Significant changes were also noted in the interaction in the cladding opposite the top fuel pellet and the first UO2 insulator pellet. Comparisons to the limited Phénix data available showed the correlation adequately accounted for FCCI in large breeder fuel pins.