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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Alex Tsechanski, Gad Shani
Nuclear Technology | Volume 62 | Number 2 | August 1983 | Pages 227-237
Technical Paper | Analyse | doi.org/10.13182/NT83-A33220
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A 95- X 95- X 95-cm nuclear grade graphite stack was bombarded with a well-collimated monoenergetic 14.75- ± 0.05-MeV fast neutron beam from a tritium target of a neutron generator. The neutron spectra measured in such types of integral experiments are susceptible to the various neutron interactions (elastic and inelastic scattering by the first few excited levels including anisotropy of angular distributions). This, in turn, facilitates identification and treatment of discrepancies between the experimental and calcula-tional results. The neutron spectra were measured with a 50- X 50-mm NE-213 liquid scintillator using the pulse shape discrimination technique to reject gamma-ray counts. The linearity test of the neutron spectrometer was performed by means of radioactive gamma-ray sources and D(d,n)He3 and T(d,n)He4 neutrons. Amplification factors (in light units per channel) were achieved with a 11Na22 radioactive source. The spectrometer was checked with the D(d,n)He3, T(d,n)He4 reactions and an americium-beryllium radioactive neutron source. The measured proton recoil spectra were unfolded in the neutron spectra by the FORIST unfolding code.