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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Osvaldo Fiorella, Manlio Mangia, Elio Oliveri
Nuclear Technology | Volume 61 | Number 2 | May 1983 | Pages 353-361
Technical Paper | Second International RETRAN Meeting / Radioisotopes and Isotope | doi.org/10.13182/NT83-A33203
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Optimal step assays and interstage up-flow rates for enriching and stripping sections of uranium gaseous diffusion squared-off cascades are manageably determined without any additional approximations beyond the usual ones (i.e., a close separation process and a constant cut in the whole section). This is accomplished by the application of the optimization conditions to the function to be minimized, i.e., the total up-flow rate, still expressed in integral form. The use of suitable dimensionless variables allows quick evaluations of the optimal parameters of any plant, provided that the product and waste assays range from 1 to 99% and from 0.05 to 0.65%, respectively, and that the number of enriching and stripping steps be, at most, seven and four, respectively. The results are consistent with those available in the literature; in particular, it is confirmed that, for low and intermediate product assays, a number of enriching steps higher than five is unnecessary in most cases.