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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
J. Hejna, F. Mantlík
Nuclear Technology | Volume 59 | Number 3 | December 1982 | Pages 509-525
Technical Paper | The Backfill as an Engineered Barrier for Radioactive Waste Management / Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT82-A33009
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The results of measurements of shear stress distribution around wetted surfaces and velocity fields of turbulent flow in rod bundles with geometrical disturbances are presented. Experiments were performed on an aerodynamic model composed of 19 rods in a hexagonal arrangement 6 m long with an outside diameter of 120 mm and a pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.17. The geometric disturbances were modeled by the displacement of the central rod from its regular position. An important influence of secondary flows on the velocity fields was revealed. From the experimental data, empirical formulas for shear stress distribution were derived.