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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Milan Hrovat, Hans Huschka, Lothar Rachor, Günter Mühling, Heinz Zimmerman
Nuclear Technology | Volume 58 | Number 1 | July 1982 | Pages 63-68
Technical Paper | Nuclear Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT82-A32958
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Density and correct diameter of nuclear fuel pellets are usually achieved by sintering and subsequent circular grinding. Hot impact densification (HID) thermally squatted ceramic bodies can be directly high speed precision-molded in a cold die. For thermoshock-sensitive materials, a controlled cooling down procedure of some minutes is added. The feasibility of HID has been demonstrated on the laboratory scale on UO2, UC, and some more materials at temperatures between 1700 and 2300°C, pressures up to 800 N/mm2. Shape tolerances are close, density can be exactly reproduced within a wide range. Tool wear seems to be no problem. Currently, a prototype facility for continuous performance is being developed.