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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Matti Valkiainen, Mikko Nykyri
Nuclear Technology | Volume 58 | Number 2 | August 1982 | Pages 248-255
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT82-A32936
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Incineration of ion-exchange resins in a fluidized bed was studied on the pilot plant scale. Granular resins were incinerated mostly in the dry form, while powdered resins were incinerated in an ethanol-water mixture. Incineration converts the organic resin into inert oxide material, which can be immobilized for instance with cement. The weight of the ash was 1 to 20% and the volume 2 to 30% of the original resins, which contained 15 to 25% moisture. When immobilized with cement the volume of the ash-concrete is 4 to 22% of the concrete of equal compressive strength acquired by direct solidification. The absorption of cesium and cobalt in various bed materials was studied by means of inactive tracer materials. Biotite and chamotte absorbed significantly, but this absorption does not drastically help on the off-gas side. The sintering of the bed materials in the presence of sodium was studied. Corundum, chamotte, and biotite have a safety limit of 5% sodium of the bed’s weight at 850°C.