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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
M. Kelm, B. Oser, S. Drobnik, W. D. Deckwer
Nuclear Technology | Volume 51 | Number 1 | November 1980 | Pages 27-32
Technical Paper | Chemical Processing | doi.org/10.13182/NT80-A32553
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For the destruction of nitric acid in radioactive waste solutions from the reprocessing of nuclear fuel, a batch process has been developed using formic acid as a reducing agent. The main reaction products are N2O and CO2, which can be discharged into the environment. The process has been tested on a lab scale with simulated and real waste solutions as well as on a pilot scale with simulated solutions. Nitric acid turnovers between 80 and 90% are obtained. The final nitrate concentrations in high- and medium-level waste solutions are below 0.5 and 0.2 mol.ℓ−1, respectively. The induction period that occurs when starting the reaction can be described by a reaction rate equation. For our special conditions it lies within the range of a few seconds. The loss of solid particles and formic acid into the off-gas during the whole process amounts to a few parts per million. Corrosion tests under realistic conditions have shown that Incoloy 825 is an appropriate material for the denitration vessel.