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2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
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Empowering the next generation: ANS’s newest book focuses on careers in nuclear energy
A new career guide for the nuclear energy industry is now available: The Nuclear Empowered Workforce by Earnestine Johnson. Drawing on more than 30 years of experience across 16 nuclear facilities, Johnson offers a practical, insightful look into some of the many career paths available in commercial nuclear power. To mark the release, Johnson sat down with Nuclear News for a wide-ranging conversation about her career, her motivation for writing the book, and her advice for the next generation of nuclear professionals.
When Johnson began her career at engineering services company Stone & Webster, she entered a field still reeling from the effects of the Three Mile Island incident in 1979, nearly 15 years earlier. Her hiring cohort was the first group of new engineering graduates the company had brought on since TMI, a reflection of the industry-wide pause in nuclear construction. Her first long-term assignment—at the Millstone site in Waterford, Conn., helping resolve design issues stemming from TMI—marked the beginning of a long and varied career that spanned positions across the country.
Paul Sasa, August W. Cronenberg+, Michael G. Stevenson
Nuclear Technology | Volume 48 | Number 3 | May 1980 | Pages 233-250
Technical Paper | Reactor Siting | doi.org/10.13182/NT80-A32470
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
One aspect of nuclear reactor safety assessment is a prediction of fuel behavior associated with postulated overheating events, which includes an assessment of the role of fission product inventory, contained within irradiated fuel elements, on fuel relocation potential. In general, the gaseous fission products, such as xenon and krypton, have been considered the most likely candidates for fuel relocation. However, the fissioning of UO2 fuel in both a fast and slow neutron spectrum also results in the generation of a significant quantity of such metallic fission products as barium, palladium, molybdenum, and other metal species. Metallurgical analysis of irradiated fuel indicates that such metals aggregate into inclusions found throughout the fuel matrix. During normal reactor operation, such metallic inclusions are in a solid state, but at the elevated temperatures expected for overheating accident transients, such inclusions may tend to volatilize, contributing to fuel motion. This paper involves an assessment of effect of such metallic fission product inclusions on fuel motion potential for accident analysis and is the first known attempt at such an assessment. To assess this potential, two limiting calculational assessments were made. Results indicate that if the inclusion constituents are assumed to be segregated elementally, then the presence of the highly volatile species such as antimony, palladium, and iron can result in an estimated 30% expansion just prior to fuel vaporization. However, under the more probable assumption of complete miscibility of constituents, the effect of metallic inclusion vaporization would be of little consequence to fuel motion.