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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
B. L. Cohen, H. N. Jow
Nuclear Technology | Volume 41 | Number 3 | December 1978 | Pages 381-388
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste | doi.org/10.13182/NT78-A32122
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The hazards from buried low-level radioactive waste are generically evaluated under conservative assumptions. It is assumed that transport mechanisms disperse the material randomly through the soil at an early time, thus bypassing all questions of transport through soil, hydrology, holdup processes, etc. in conventional evaluations. The transfer rate from soil to human ingestion is taken to be equal to that rate for naturally occurring isotopes of the same element, obtained from the daily ingestion intakes of Reference Man and geochemical abundances in sediments. Data are converted into the expected number of cancers by use of the BEIR report. The inhalation pathway is treated by assuming the composition of airborne dust to be the same as that of the soil, including the randomly dispersed radioactive material. The effects of a possible release into rivers are estimated by assuming that the probability of radioactive material getting into drinking water is equal to that for other materials in rivers. When the results are applied to the inventory at the Maxey Flats burial ground and reasonable assumptions are made about poorly identified materials, it is found that the total number of eventual cancers expected over the next 10 million years is less than one.