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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
A. Tentner, J. Weisman
Nuclear Technology | Volume 37 | Number 1 | January 1978 | Pages 19-28
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT78-A32087
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Received January 28, 1977 Accepted for Publication September 7, 1977 The effect of unequal vapor and liquid velocities has been introduced into the conservation equations in a manner that is consistent with the use of the method of characteristics. It is shown that these reformulated equations have real characteristics if realistic slip ratios are used. The low slip ratios needed to ensure real characteristics at high mass flow rates are in conformity with the view that the slip ratio must approach 1.0 at these conditions. Application of the computational procedure to the estimation of critical flow rates leads to predictions in agreement with the homogeneous-equilibrium model when thermodynamic equilibrium is assumed.