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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
R. L. Klueh, D. A. Canonico
Nuclear Technology | Volume 36 | Number 3 | December 1977 | Pages 353-367
Technical Paper | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT77-A31949
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The creep-rupture properties of a cylindrical Type 304 stainless-steel forging weld overlaid with Type 308 stainless-steel weld metal were evaluated. Tests were made at 755, 811, and 866 K on tangential and radial (relative to the axis of the forging cylinder) specimens taken from the weld metal, from the forging as forged, and the forging adjacent to the weld metal/forging interface. Two types of axial specimens were also tested: specimens taken from the unaffected forging and specimens taken across the fusion line. These latter specimens contained both weld metal and forging in the specimen gauge section. At all temperatures, the rupture strength of the forging immediately adjacent to the fusion line was greater than that of the forging specimens taken at a distance from the fusion line. All forging specimens were stronger than the Type 308 stainless steel of the overlay weld metal. The only effect of orientation was found for the overlay weld metal, where the tangential specimens had a slightly greater rupture life than the radial specimens. (The minimum creep rates for the two orientations were similar.) At 811 and 866 K, the ductilities of the overlay weld metal continuously decreased with increased rupture life. A minimum was found for the ductility-rupture life relationship of the Type 304 stainless-steel forging specimens at 866 K, while at 811 K, the ductility continuously decreased with increased rupture life.