ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Jan 2026
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
February 2026
Nuclear Technology
January 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
November 2025
Latest News
Jeff Place on INPO’s strategy for industry growth
As executive vice president for industry strategy at the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, Jeff Place leads INPO’s industry-facing work, engaging directly with chief nuclear officers.
W. Van Witzenburg, L. G. J. Janssen, J. Prij
Nuclear Technology | Volume 35 | Number 1 | August 1977 | Pages 184-187
Technical Note | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT77-A31862
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
By using the finite-strain theory, an effective temperature, defined as a uniform temperature producing the same deformation rates as the actual temperature gradient, of a thick-walled internally pressurized closed-end tube with an over-the-wall radial temperature gradient, is expressed in terms of original tube geometry, strain, temperature distribution, and creep properties of the tube material. For a stainless-steel cladding tube of a fission reactor fuel pin, with a radial temperature gradient of 50°C over the wall, the effective temperature equals the average of the instantaneous inner and outer surface temperatures to within 1°C.