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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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New coolants, new fuels: A new generation of university reactors
Here’s an easy way to make aging U.S. power reactors look relatively youthful: Compare them (average age: 43) with the nation’s university research reactors. The 25 operating today have been licensed for an average of about 58 years.
E. E. Bloom, J. M. Leitnaker, J. O. Stiegler
Nuclear Technology | Volume 31 | Number 2 | November 1976 | Pages 232-243
Technical Paper | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT76-A31685
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The effects of titanium additions up to 0.6 wt% on the irradiation-induced swelling and changes in creep-rupture properties were investigated. Samples were irradiated in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II at temperatures in the range from 450 to 700°C to a maximum neutron fluence of 7.8 × 1026 n/m2 (>0.1 MeV). In annealed material, the irradiation-induced swelling exhibited a minimum in the range 0.2 to 0.4 wt% titanium. The minimum in swelling was directly attributable to a minimum in the concentration of voids. Samples irradiated in the 20% cold-worked condition exhibited slight densification at 3.0 × 1026 n/m2 (>0.1 MeV) at both 500 and 600°C. A small density decrease (0.23%) occurred during irradiation to 6.6 × 1026 n/m2 (>0.1 MeV). Postirradiation creep-rupture ductility was a maximum for alloys containing 0.23 and 0.33 wt% titanium. The observed swelling behavior in the annealed material is thought to be associated with changing amounts of titanium and carbon in solution in the austenite as the total titanium concentration is increased. The improved ductility is attributable to a decreased tendency for grain boundary crack formation and appears to be associated with removal of sulfur and possibly other impurities from solution in the austenite.