ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Deep Space: The new frontier of radiation controls
In commercial nuclear power, there has always been a deliberate tension between the regulator and the utility owner. The regulator fundamentally exists to protect the worker, and the utility, to make a profit. It is a win-win balance.
From the U.S. nuclear industry has emerged a brilliantly successful occupational nuclear safety record—largely the result of an ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) process that has driven exposure rates down to what only a decade ago would have been considered unthinkable. In the U.S. nuclear industry, the system has accomplished an excellent, nearly seamless process that succeeds to the benefit of both employee and utility owner.
Teruo Yukitoshi, Taishi Moroishi, Isamu Koizumi, Takashi Abe, Kunihiko Yoshikawa, Yoshiaki Shida
Nuclear Technology | Volume 28 | Number 3 | March 1976 | Pages 506-515
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT76-A31530
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
High-temperature strength, weldability, and decarburization behavior in liquid sodium of 2¼ Cr— 1 Mo steel with a wide variety of heat treatments and some carbon stabilized 2¼ Cr—1 Mo steels are examined for the purpose of material selection of liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) steam generator tubes. Decarburization of 2¼ Cr—Mo steel in sodium can be suppressed when it is appropriately normalized and tempered instead of annealed. The 2¼ Cr—1 Mo—Nb—Ni steel is considered to be preferable to other stabilized steels, since a small addition of nickel assures sufficient strength, even if the normalizing temperature is as low as 950°C. Stabilized steels should be welded carefully to obtain a fully penetrated bead. Preheating above 200°C and postheating above 720°C are required for stabilization. Compared with all the investigated properties, the materials recommended for LMFBR steam generator tubes are normalized-tempered 2¼ Cr— 1 Mo steel and, if decarburization is not allowable, 2¼ Cr—1Mo—Nb—Ni steel, with the condition that a sound-welded joint can be available.
