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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Richard B. Stout, Alan H. Robinson
Nuclear Technology | Volume 20 | Number 2 | November 1973 | Pages 86-102
Technical Paper | Fuel Cycle | doi.org/10.13182/NT73-A31344
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An iterative approach was adopted as the most practical method to search for an optimum fuel loading pattern in pressurized water reactors. A minimum peak-to-average power ratio was chosen as the objective characteristic of the optimum loading. A computer program SHUFLE employs a set of logical shuffling statements which utilizes the radial power shape and reactivity positioning of each iteration to predict a shuffle for the succeeding iteration. Independent logic is employed for different sections of the core and for fuel of relatively high and low reactivity. A two-dimensional simulated two-group coarse-mesh diffusion theory model is utilized to calculate the two-dimensional power distribution after each shuffle. The shuffling logic employed in SHUFLE was demonstrated adequate to predict acceptable loading patterns for initial, equilibrium, and nonequilibrium pressurized water reactor cores.