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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Klaus Rehme
Nuclear Technology | Volume 17 | Number 1 | January 1973 | Pages 15-23
Technical Paper | Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT73-A31250
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An accurate prediction of the hydraulic losses in multirod fuel bundles is necessary for reactor design calculations. Correlations of the pressure drop at the spacers are important for these calculations. Pressure drop correlations are proposed on the basis of numerous experimental investigations, both with grid type spacers and wire wrapped rod bundles. These correlations are valid over a broad range of flow contractions in the case of spacer grids (15 to 50%) and a broad range of geometrical parameters with wire wrapped rod bundles, respectively, namely rod bundle parameter: pitch-to-diameter ratio P/D = 1.125 to 1.417, wire wrap parameter: lead-to-wrap diameter H/dm = 6 to 45, and number of rods in a rod bundle n = 7 to 61 rods. The Reynolds numbers of the investigations under consideration ranged between 103 and 3 × 105.