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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
M. N. Özişik, M. D. Silverman
Nuclear Technology | Volume 14 | Number 3 | June 1972 | Pages 240-246
Technical Paper | Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT72-A31113
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
High temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) employ fuel elements which are separated from the coolant stream by graphite. Pressure differentials induced by turbulent flow along the coolant channel length of the fuel assembly can cause transverse flow of the gas through the graphite sleeve. Such transverse flow could transfer fission products from broken fuel particles into the main coolant stream. Mathematical analysis shows that the thickness of the annular gap between the fuel element and the graphite sleeve is an important factor that controls fission product transport by this mechanism. The data obtained from experiments performed in a high temperature, pressurized helium loop correlate satisfactorily with this analysis, and an estimate of cesium release to the coolant via this mechanism has been made for the Fort St. Vrain reactor.