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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
V. J. Tennery, J. L. Botts
Nuclear Technology | Volume 13 | Number 3 | March 1972 | Pages 264-272
Technical Paper | Fuel | doi.org/10.13182/NT72-A31081
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Chemical analysis techniques were demonstrated for three uranium nitride specimens. Sintered uranium mononitride (UN), unsintered UN powder, and UN1.572 powder were analyzed for the major constituents, and a mass balance of 100.00 ± 0.03% was realized in every case. The gravimetric determination of uranium in these materials by an oxidation-reduction-oxidation method gave good precision and accuracy. Results from the direct oxidation method were strongly dependent on the oxygen content of the gas used to oxidize the sample. The controlled-potential cou-lometric method was used to confirm the gravimetric uranium results. The Dumas method for nitrogen determinations was shown to be superior to the Kjeldahl for both UN and UN1.572. Inert gas fusion is suitable for the determination of oxygen and a conventional combustion method is suitable for carbon determinations. Sintered UN provided a mass balance of 99.989% with a mole ratio N+O + C/U = 0.997 and a crystal lattice parameter a = 4.8896 ± 0.0001 Å. The micro structure of this sample consisted of single phase mononitride.