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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Carroll B. Mills
Nuclear Technology | Volume 10 | Number 2 | February 1971 | Pages 133-138
Technical Paper and Note | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT71-A30921
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Requirements for underseas nuclear reactor power systems for small vessels include: simplified small reactor and plant control and instrumentation; long-term compatibility of fuel, structure, and coolant; and extended fuel lifetime, safety, and low cost. Neutronic qualities that reflect these requirements are: lowest critical mass for low cost and small size; low fuel concentration in the fuel elements consistent with extended fuel lifetime, small fuel effects on fuel element materials properties, and small fission-product effects; negative temperature and core geometry coefficients of reactivity, in the interest of minimizing safety and control problems, 100-g fuel burnup (100 MWd of energy). A reactor design that has these qualities uses a pressurized water moderated, beryllium (4-in.) reflected, solid fuel geometry with 0.070 g/ml 235U in the core, and zirconium fuel elements, with a fuel mass including 0.1 kg for burnup of under 0.8 kg 235U. This reactor core is 8 in. long and 8 in. in diameter, and contains 85%, by volume, of water at an operating temperature around 500°F, for a power level of 300 kW(th).