ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Feb 2026
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
March 2026
Nuclear Technology
February 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
January 2026
Latest News
CLEAN SMART bill reintroduced in Senate
Senators Ben Ray Luján (D., N.M.) and Tim Scott (R., S.C.) have reintroduced legislation aimed at leveraging the best available science and technology at U.S. national laboratories to support the cleanup of legacy nuclear waste.
The Combining Laboratory Expertise to Accelerate Novel Solutions for Minimizing Accumulated Radioactive Toxins (CLEAN SMART) Act, introduced on February 11, would authorize up to $58 million annually to develop, demonstrate, and deploy innovative technologies, targeting reduced costs and safer, faster remediation of sites from the Manhattan Project and Cold War.
Fernando Paz-Castillo, Paul Kruger
Nuclear Technology | Volume 11 | Number 3 | July 1971 | Pages 345-356
Technical Paper | Nuclear Explosion Engineering / Nuclear Explosive | doi.org/10.13182/NT71-A30868
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Steam stimulation is an efficient means of increasing recovery of petroleum from high-viscosity tar-sands deposits. Large amounts of steam are required with costs averaging about 50¢ per barrel. The economic development of many deposits depends on the availability of low cost steam. Geothermal heat has been considered as a source for producing steam. The feasibility of using a nuclear explosion in a geologic formation with normal temperature gradient for steam production near tar-sands deposits has been explored. A rubble chimney can be created at a depth of burial such that the temperature difference between the formation and the tar sands would be sufficient to reduce the viscosity of the oil for commercial recovery. Calculations indicate that a large tar-sands deposit in Venezuela could be steam stimulated to produce about 18 million barrels of oil. A 1 Mt nuclear explosion at a depth of burial of 3340 m might allow steam extraction of more than 1012 Btu at an estimated cost of <50¢ per barrel of steam produced.