ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Mar 2026
Jan 2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
April 2026
Nuclear Technology
February 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Fernando Paz-Castillo, Paul Kruger
Nuclear Technology | Volume 11 | Number 3 | July 1971 | Pages 345-356
Technical Paper | Nuclear Explosion Engineering / Nuclear Explosive | doi.org/10.13182/NT71-A30868
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Steam stimulation is an efficient means of increasing recovery of petroleum from high-viscosity tar-sands deposits. Large amounts of steam are required with costs averaging about 50¢ per barrel. The economic development of many deposits depends on the availability of low cost steam. Geothermal heat has been considered as a source for producing steam. The feasibility of using a nuclear explosion in a geologic formation with normal temperature gradient for steam production near tar-sands deposits has been explored. A rubble chimney can be created at a depth of burial such that the temperature difference between the formation and the tar sands would be sufficient to reduce the viscosity of the oil for commercial recovery. Calculations indicate that a large tar-sands deposit in Venezuela could be steam stimulated to produce about 18 million barrels of oil. A 1 Mt nuclear explosion at a depth of burial of 3340 m might allow steam extraction of more than 1012 Btu at an estimated cost of <50¢ per barrel of steam produced.