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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Michael H. Bradbury, Bart Baeyens
Nuclear Technology | Volume 122 | Number 2 | May 1998 | Pages 250-253
Technical Note | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT98-A2866
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The vast majority of sorption data used in performance assessment studies for radioactive waste repository concepts has been generated from small-scale laboratory batch sorption measurements on crushed rock samples. Since these data will mainly be used to describe the sorption on the in situ bulk rocks in safety studies, a justifiable and defensible procedure for making the transfer of sorption values from the laboratory data to data appropriate to the field conditions is required. At the present time, a generally accepted methodology for doing this is lacking, and little or no work is being carried out internationally on this important area. The question of whether the act of crushing is intrinsically likely to lead to higher sorption values than for intact rock because the area available for sorption has been increased is addressed here. The approach is based on comparing N2-BET surface area measurements on intact and crushed single minerals and rocks. Results are presented which indicate that the clay mineral content of the rock is critically important in this respect, whereas the influence of the rock porosity is only of minor consequence.