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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
James H. Leonard
Nuclear Technology | Volume 6 | Number 3 | March 1969 | Pages 202-208
Technical Paper and Note | doi.org/10.13182/NT69-A28307
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Chromel/Alumel thermocouples were calibrated at the temperatures of boiling water and melting tin and lead before, during, and after exposure to several cycles of nuclear radiation. A temporary calibration shift of up to 50 µ V was observed at all three calibrating temperatures persisting for at least one hour following cessation of exposure. Comparison with corresponding data from a previous experiment indicates that the relative location of flux and temperature gradients along the thermocouple leads has a major influence on the magnitude of decalibration encountered. The effect is attributed to radiation-produced scattering centers subject to self-annealing processes. For in-pile thermocouple installations, temperature gradients should be restricted to locations outside high-flux regions to minimize potential radiation-dependent, decalibrating effects.