Until recently, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) inspection effort as it applied to transportation casks focused on the written quality assurance (QA) program of cask vendors and subcontractors and U.S. Department of Transportation documentation requirements rather than the implementation of the QA program during the fabrication of the casks. The focus during these inspections has now shifted from a “paper” review to a safety review by a more thorough examination of equipment and the implementation of the QA program during the fabrication of components such as transportation casks. This revised approach to inspections performed by the NRC is reflected in the recent vendor inspections of the defueling canisters and two transportation casks that were designed and manufactured for defueling and transporting the Three Mile Island Unit 2 debris. These inspections identified deficiencies in the fabrication process, and the vendor’s corrective actions resulted in improved controls and an improved product. The transportation of radioactive material will increase in years to come, and it is the responsibility of those who design, fabricate, and use the casks to ensure that a high level of safety is maintained, the requirements are met, and a cask of high quality is used.