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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Donald L. Hester, Donald D. Glower
Nuclear Technology | Volume 2 | Number 1 | February 1966 | Pages 41-43
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NT66-A27566
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Previous publications have revealed that poled ferroelectrics can be used as detectors of radiation; however, the source of the charge release was speculative. A theoretical derivation using the theory of pyroelectricity is verified by the previously published data and by an especially designed experiment whereby the graph of the normalized charge release as a function of temperature is compared with normalized pyroelectric coefficent data. The experiment verifies quite conclusively that the constant of proportionality K in the equation, i/A = K (dγ/dt), is equal to p/C, where p is the pyroelectric coefficient and C is the specific heat. The appropriate value for K for ceramic lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 + 1 wt% Nb2O5 (65:35PZT), is determined to be 0.6 picocoulombs per square centimeter per rad (PZT).