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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
J. H. Roberts, A. N. Behkami
Nuclear Technology | Volume 4 | Number 3 | March 1968 | Pages 182-186
Technical Paper and Note | doi.org/10.13182/NT68-A26383
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Improvements in a technique for deducing the spectrum of fast neutrons from the measurement of proton recoil tracks in nuclear emulsions are described. The source of neutrons may be anisotropic. Tests were made by placing Ilford L4 emulsion plates in an assembly of depleted uranium (0.21% 235U) in which neutrons are produced by photofission. The photofission was induced by bremsstrahlung produced when a pulsed 30-MeV electron beam from a LINAC hit a target of depleted uranium within the assembly. Special development with amidol developer was used to reduce chemical fog and gamma-ray background in the emulsions, permitting a measurement of proton tracks down to about two microns. The neutron spectrum from ≈ 0.3 to 2.5 MeV is deduced from the measurements. Computer programs were developed to make the calculations. Results up to ≈ 0.9 MeV are compared with the neutron spectrum measured by time-of-flight techniques. Satisfactory agreement is obtained.