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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
A. H. Kazi, T. A. Dunn, R. C. Harrison, D. O. Williams
Nuclear Technology | Volume 25 | Number 3 | March 1975 | Pages 450-463
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT75-A24383
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Army Pulse Radiation Facility Reactor is a fast pulse, or burst, reactor generally used to provide a fast neutron environment In response to several test requirements, a number of fast neutron-to-gamma converter shields have been designed, calibrated, and placed into operation to produce a pulsed or steady-state gamma environment of ionizing radiation. The four basic converter configurations are (a) a narrow pulse converter box which has produced a maximum gamma dose rate of 3.8 × 108 rad/sec with a pulse width at half-maximum power of 50 μsec; (b) a wide pulse converter box which has produced 6.7 × 107 rad/sec at 400 μsec; (c) a narrow pulse converter cavity that has produced 7.7 × 108 rad/sec at 50 μsec; and (d) a wide pulse converter cavity that has produced 7.7 × 107 rad/sec at 1 msec. In terms of rads tissue, the gamma-to-neutron dose ratio varies from 0.1 (no converter) to ∼5; while in terms of rads (silicon), the neutron dose is almost 2 orders of magnitude less than the gamma dose.