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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
J. A. Horak, T. H. Blewitt
Nuclear Technology | Volume 27 | Number 3 | November 1975 | Pages 416-438
Technical Paper | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT75-A24315
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The concentrations of lattice point defects produced by thermal-neutron and fast-neutron irradiation of copper, nickel, iron, titanium, and palladium at 4.5 K have been measured resisto-metrically, and the values are compared with the theoretically predicted values. For thermal-neutron irradiation the ratio of the predicted to measured concentration of defects ranged from a minimum of 1.0 for titanium to a maximum of 4.5 for palladium; for fast-neutron irradiation this ratio ranged from 2.3 for titanium to 6.5 for copper. On postirradiation is ochronal annealing no stage II or V are present in copper after thermal-neutron irradiation, but both these stages are present after fast-neutron irradiation. Both nickel and titanium exhibit more than 100% recovery, super-recovery, after thermal-neutron irradiation. The super-recovery is attributed to the irradia-tion-induced supersaturation of vacancies that provide the enhanced diffusion required for the precipitation of impurity atoms from the lattice. Little or no enhanced diffusion is observed after fast-neutron irradiation of nickel and titanium.