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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Aaron E. Craft, Jeffrey C. King
Nuclear Technology | Volume 184 | Number 2 | November 2013 | Pages 198-209
Technical Paper | Fission Reactors | doi.org/10.13182/NT13-A22315
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The MInes NEutron Radiography facility (MINER facility) installed at the United States Geological Survey TRIGA Reactor provides new capabilities for both researchers and students at the Colorado School of Mines. The facility consists of a number of components, including a neutron beamline and beamstop, an optical table, an experimental enclosure and associated interlocks, a computer control system, a microchannel plate imaging detector, and the associated electronics.Radiographs of a sensitivity indicator - a resolution indicator developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials - taken using both the digital detector and the transfer method provide one demonstration of the radiographic capabilities of the new facility. Calibration fuel pins manufactured using copper and stainless steel surrogate fuel pellets provide additional specimens for demonstration of the new facility and offer a comparison between digital and film radiography at the new facility. The calibration pins contain simulated defects of known dimensions, including pellet-clad gaps, gaps between pellets, and central voids within the pellets. Comparison of the radiographs taken by the two methods reveals that the digital detector does not produce high-quality images when compared to film radiography. Additionally, there are a number of artifacts in the digital images produced by the image acquisition system. The quality of the film images demonstrates that the problems with the digital images are a product of the digital imaging system and not the neutron beam.