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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
R. A. Lillie, R. G. Alsmiller, Jr., J. T. Mihalczo
Nuclear Technology | Volume 43 | Number 3 | May 1979 | Pages 373-381
Technical Paper | Accelerator | doi.org/10.13182/NT79-A19225
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A number of Type 316 stainless-steel right circular cylindrical shells of varying lengths have been analyzed using two-dimensional discrete-ordinates transport methods together with first- and last-flight particle estimators to aid in the design of neutron collimators for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). In the TFTR, the 14-MeV neutron source has a very large spatial extent, and the collimators must be designed to allow spectral measurements that refer to only a small spatial region of this extended source. The analysis identifies the 14-MeV neutrons from scattering in the Type 316 stainless steel immediately adjacent to the collimator opening as the dominant contributor to detector background. Collimator lengths >0.60 m were found sufficient to attenuate uncollided background neutrons for reasonable source-detector distances. The lower energy (<13.8 MeV) neutron background and gamma background were not found to be significant.