ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Karin Rudman, Patricia Dickerson, Darrin Byler, Robert McDonald, Harn Lim, Pedro Peralta, Chris Stanek, Kenneth McClellan
Nuclear Technology | Volume 182 | Number 2 | May 2013 | Pages 145-154
Technical Paper | Special Issue on the Symposium on Radiation Effects in Ceramic Oxide and Novel LWR Fuels / Fuel Cycle and Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT13-A16426
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The oxygen content during the intermediate and final stages of sintering can have a strong effect on the microstructural evolution of oxide fuels. Two depleted urania (d-UO2.0 and d-UO2.14) samples, sintered up to a theoretical density of 90%, were serial sectioned using a focused ion beam and characterized with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The EBSD data were used to make three-dimensional reconstructions of the microstructures to evaluate their characteristics at an intermediate stage of sintering. The oxygen content was found to affect grain shape and grain boundary (GB) mobility, as curved and elongated grains were observed in UO2.0, as well as stronger pore-GB interactions, which is an indication that microstructure was less evolved in UO2.0. Both samples presented a similar fraction ([approximate]20%) of special, coincident site lattice boundaries, with larger amounts of Σ3n GBs, and a rather large fraction of Σ11 GBs for UO2.14. Crystallographic GB planes were also determined to study the distributions of all GB parameters. The UO2.0 sample had a large fraction of GB planes close to the Σ3 twinning planes, which suggests that lower-energy interfaces are used to minimize energy in this sample, potentially due to lower overall GB mobility as compared to UO2.14.