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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
D. D. Malinowski, L. F. Picone
Nuclear Technology | Volume 10 | Number 4 | April 1971 | Pages 428-435
Technical Paper | Symposium on Reactor Containment Spray System Technology / Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT71-A16252
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The removal of gaseous elemental iodine from the vapor stream entering an ice condenser unit was studied for the effects of vapor composition, ice additives, ice loading, vapor temperature, flow channels, flow characteristics, and iodine concentration. It was found that alkaline additives enhance the retention of iodine in the ice melt by hydrolysis reactions which convert the iodine to nonvolatile, soluble forms of iodide and iodate. The effect of the iodine content in the steam-air mixtures at the levels studied was found to be small. The iodine removal was strongly influenced by the fraction of air in the steam-air vapor mixture. Several tests using methyl iodide instead of elemental iodine indicated that the ice would not be an efficient means for removal of organic halides.