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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Mark A. Chaiko, Michael J. Murphy
Nuclear Technology | Volume 94 | Number 1 | April 1991 | Pages 44-55
Technical Paper | Nuclear Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT91-A16220
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Compartment Transient Temperature Analysis Program (COTTAP) was developed by the Pennsylvania Power & Light Company for postaccident boiling water reactor (BWR) secondary containment thermal analysis. The code makes use of previously developed implicit temporal integration methods and sparse matrix inversion techniques to allow modeling of an entire BWR secondary containment. Investigations were made with a model consisting of 121 compartments and 767 heat-conducting slabs. The simulation presented involves the numerical integration of 20 101 ordinary differential equations over a 30-h simulation period. Two hours of CPU time were required to carry out the calculation on an IBM 3090 computer. The COTTAP code considers natural convection and radiation heat transfer between compartment air and walls through a detailed finite difference solution of the slab conduction equations. Heat addition from hot piping and operating equipment, and cooling effects associated with ventilation flows and compartment heat removal units are also included. Additional capabilities of COTTAP include modeling of compartment heatup resulting from steamline breaks and simulation of natural circulation cooling in compartments with flow paths at differing elevations.