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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
O. J. Wallace, N. D. Cook
Nuclear Technology | Volume 23 | Number 3 | September 1974 | Pages 306-317
Technical Paper | Shielding | doi.org/10.13182/NT74-A15923
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Ray tracing, the process of finding the distance through the various layers of shielding material in a reactor compartment, is a basic operation of both point-kernel and Monte Carlo computer programs. Interdependent shield-definition and ray-tracing algorithms have been developed that allow the components of a reactor to be described as individual shield units in a geometrically convenient manner and with one-, two-, or three-dimensional material variation. Rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical geometries are allowed. These shield units may be combined using a recursive embedding technique; the cells formed by the coordinate surfaces describing a shield unit may be filled either by material compositions or by cell-shaped portions of subsidiary shield units, to many levels of recursion. Ray tracing through such a shield array proceeds from coordinate surface to coordinate surface. Distances are calculated by explicit formulas in each of the three permitted geometries.