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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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New coolants, new fuels: A new generation of university reactors
Here’s an easy way to make aging U.S. power reactors look relatively youthful: Compare them (average age: 43) with the nation’s university research reactors. The 25 operating today have been licensed for an average of about 58 years.
John W. Wilson, G. S. Khandelwal
Nuclear Technology | Volume 23 | Number 3 | September 1974 | Pages 298-305
Technical Paper | Shielding | doi.org/10.13182/NT74-A15922
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A convenient property of energetic heavy charged particles in passing through matter is that the primaries and their secondary particles remain relatively confined to the primary beam axis. As a consequence, the particle beam in matter is not strongly affected by near boundaries and the problem of calculating dose in a complicated geometric object is greatly simplified. Furthermore, the small beam width is a useful expansion parameter to develop a series that converges rapidly for most practical dose calculations. The final result relates dose at any point in an arbitrary convex region to an integral over the fluence-to-dose conversion factors for normal incidence on a semi-infinite slab. A representation of these fluence-to-dose conversion factors and all the necessary information required to calculate dose in arbitrary convex regions of tissue for proton energies below 1 GeV are found in terms of two energy-dependent parameters and known functions.