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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Philip T. Choong, Edward A. Mason
Nuclear Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | September 1973 | Pages 165-173
Technical Paper | Radioisotope | doi.org/10.13182/NT73-A15878
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Thermal analysis of the temperature distribution around a spinning shell under solar radiation indicated that the resultant asymmetric temperature distribution is capable of generating sufficient thermal reradiative force to stabilize small solar probes. The steady-state normal component of this force at optimum spin is barely adequate to damp out the precession of a small solar probe. This study showed that, by coating the shell surface with a radioisotopic heat source, the useful thermal reradiation force is only increased moderately. However, the optimum spin can be shifted upward by an order of magnitude to a spin range where the attitude of the spacecraft is relatively insensitive to small disturbances. By coating the shell surface with the subliming material, the sublimation force acting on the shell is increased enormously. The numerical techniques developed to solve the inherently two-dimensional transient heat flow equation having nonlinear boundary conditions appeared to be numerically stable.