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Former NRC commissioners lend support to efforts to eliminate mandatory hearings
A group of nine former nuclear regulatory commissioners sent a letter Wednesday to the current Nuclear Regulatory Commission members lending support to efforts to get rid of mandatory hearings in the licensing process, which should speed up the process by three to six months and save millions of dollars.
Yuichi Niibori, Joonhong Ahn, Hitoshi Mimura
Nuclear Technology | Volume 175 | Number 3 | September 2011 | Pages 641-651
Technical Paper | NURETH-13 Special / Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT11-A12512
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Relative permeability kr is a practical tool to describe two-phase flow in the performance assessment of a geological disposal system of radioactive waste. So far, to avoid thermal alteration of an engineered barrier system such as bentonite, the maximum temperature in the conceptual design of a Japanese geological disposal system has been limited to <373 K. However, for a limited time period, even if the temperature exceeds 373 K or the boiling point at the underground level, the robustness of the system is expected to be sufficient. An upward revision of the permissible maximum temperature would reduce the total space of the repository and would result in more effective use of the space. Therefore, when two-phase flow is also considered, a more reliable estimate of the thermal impact on the repository system is needed.In general, the fluid flow velocities of two phases are described by Darcy's law including the relative permeabilities defined as the functions of liquid-water saturation (or steam saturation), e.g., Corey's equations. However, such saturation (e.g., liquid-water saturation Sw) is not always uniformly distributed in the grid cells of the numerical implementation. In this study, the uncertainty of kr due to the distribution of Sw was examined by using various kinds of probability density functions (pdf's). The results suggest that the apparent kr value can be numerically described by the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, and the skewness of Sw. (In other words, the apparent value of kr does not depend on the types of pdf's.) Since the value of Sw is in the range of 0 to 1, the standard deviation and the skewness are limited. Therefore, the apparent values of kr also are in a limited range. Using the Lagrange multiplier method, this study examined the ranges of the kr value for each arithmetic mean of saturation Swa. Furthermore, by considering both the frequency distribution and the spatial distribution of saturation, this study quantitatively shows the degree of uncertainty of relative-permeability curves. These curves can explain the scattered data of two-phase-flow experiments.
