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Radium sources yield cancer-fighting Ac-225 in IAEA program
The International Atomic Energy Agency has reported that, to date, 14 countries have made 14 transfers of disused radium to be recycled for use in advanced cancer treatments under the agency’s Global Radium-226 Management Initiative. Through this initiative, which was launched in 2021, legacy radium-226 from decades-old medical and industrial sources is used to produce actinium-225 radiopharmaceuticals, which have shown effectiveness in the treatment of patients with breast and prostate cancer and certain other cancers.
John T. Mihalczo
Nuclear Technology | Volume 175 | Number 2 | August 2011 | Pages 498-508
Technical Paper | Radiation Measurements and General Instrumentation | doi.org/10.13182/NT11-A12320
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Prompt neutron decay at delayed criticality was measured by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for uranium-reflected highly enriched uranium (HEU) and Pu metal spheres (FLATTOP), for an unreflected Pu metal (4.5% 240Pu) sphere (JEZEBEL) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and for an unreflected HEU metal sphere at Oak Ridge Critical Experiments Facility. The average prompt neutron decay constants from hundreds of Rossi- and randomly pulsed neutron measurements with 252Cf at delayed criticality are as follows: 3.8458 ± 0.0016 × 105 s-1 , 2.2139 ± 0.0022 × 105 s-1 , 6.3126 ± 0.0100 × 105 s-1 , and 1.1061 ± 0.0009 × 106 s-1 , respectively. These values agree with previous measurements by LANL for FLATTOP, JEZEBEL, and GODIVA I as follows: 3.82 ± 0.02 × 105 s-1 for a uranium core; 2.14 ± 0.05 × 105 s-1 and 2.29 × 105 s-1 (uncertainty not reported) for a plutonium core; 6.4 ± 0.1 × 105 s-1 , and 1.1 ± 0.1 × 106 s-1 , respectively, but have smaller uncertainties because of the larger number of measurements. For the FLATTOP and JEZEBEL assemblies, the measurements agree with calculations. Traditionally, the calculated decay constants for the bare uranium metal sphere GODIVA I and the Oak Ridge Uranium Metal Sphere were higher than experimental by [approximately]10%. Other energy-dependent quantities for the bare uranium sphere agree within 1%.