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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
R. A. Aikens, Y. Jia, Z. W. Lin
Nuclear Technology | Volume 175 | Number 1 | July 2011 | Pages 146-149
Technical Paper | Special Issue on the 16th Biennial Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division / Radiation Transport and Protection | doi.org/10.13182/NT11-A12283
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We use the Geant4 Monte Carlo code to study the angular dependences of different radiation particles on the lunar surface in the 1977 solar minimum galactic-cosmic-ray environment when there is no habitat. In particular, we study the anisotropy of albedo particles on the lunar surface. We find that albedo particles are in general not isotropic in the upper hemisphere, and for neutrons or photons the deviations from isotropy at lower energies have opposite signs as those at higher energies. In terms of fluence rates, deviations from the corresponding isotropic fluence rate, i.e., the rate if the particles were isotropic in a hemisphere, range from -8% for albedo neutrons up to +58% for albedo protons. Results on other albedo particles such as electrons, positrons, photons, and charged pions are also presented.