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Why should safeguards by design be a global effort?
Jeremy Whitlock
I can’t think of a more exciting time to be working in nuclear, with the diversity of advanced reactor development and increasing global support for nuclear in sustainable energy planning. But we can’t lose sight of the need to plan for efficient international safeguards at the same time.
Global nuclear deployment has been underpinned since 1970 by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), making it a key customer requirement for governments to demonstrate unequivocally that the technology is not being misused for weapons development.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has helped verify this commitment for more than 50 years, but it has never safeguarded many of the advanced reactors (and related fuel cycle processes) being developed today.
M. Pellegrini, H. Endo, E. Merzari, H. Ninokata
Nuclear Technology | Volume 181 | Number 1 | January 2013 | Pages 144-156
Technical Paper | Special Issue on the 14th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-14) / Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT13-A15763
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The effect of stratification on the flow in bounded geometries is studied through computational fluid dynamics and two different modelings of the turbulent heat flux: constant turbulent Prandtl number and Algebraic Heat Flux Model (AHFM). The main feature of the work is evaluation of the effect of buoyancy on the thermal quantities, velocity field, and related pressure drop. For evaluation of the turbulent heat flux and temperature field, AHFM has been demonstrated to be superior to the simple eddy diffusivity approach. However, serious concerns remain for the prediction of the velocity field in both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions, since greater uncertainties for the obtained pressure drop and related Fanning friction factor can be introduced. Incremental pressure drop is also investigated in conditions deviating from fully developed flows, in order to study stratification effects qualitatively using an engineering method.