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The spark of the Super: Teller–Ulam and the birth of the H-bomb—rivalry, credit, and legacy at 75 years
In early 1951, Los Alamos scientists Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam devised a breakthrough that would lead to the hydrogen bomb [1]. Their design gave the United States an initial advantage in the Cold War, though comparable progress was soon achieved independently in the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom.
Farzad Rahnema, Dingkang Zhang
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 198 | Number 3 | March 2024 | Pages 628-639
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2023.2204820
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The hybrid stochastic deterministic continuous-energy coarse mesh transport method (COMET) has been recently extended for high-fidelity efficient kinetics calculations in highly heterogeneous reactor cores. The method discretizes the time variable as a series of time grids and solves the resulting set of steady-state neutron transport equations. In this work, a high-order perturbation method is developed to update the COMET unperturbed response function library on the fly for changes in the discretized time step size . The unperturbed response functions are precomputed with . The perturbation expansion coefficients are also generated during the unperturbed response function library precomputation. The adjoint solution needed by the perturbation method is calculated using the reciprocity relation without solving the corresponding adjoint problems. As a result, the method can be easily implemented into any stochastic code to generate the perturbation expansion coefficients together with the unperturbed response functions.
The high-order perturbation method is benchmarked by comparing both the response functions and the time-dependent COMET core solution (fission density) with the corresponding reference solutions. It is found that the response functions generated by the perturbation method at second order are in excellent agreement with those directly computed by the Monte Carlo method. When changes from 1.0E-4 s to infinity, the average and maximum relative differences in the various response functions were found to be in the range of 0.0000106% to 0.00116% and 0.000011% to 0.00121%, respectively. The fission density as a function of time calculated by COMET using the perturbation method is in excellent agreement with the reference solutions, with an average relative difference of 0.0065% to 0.075%. These comparisons indicate that the perturbation method at second order is highly accurate.